What lasting Impact's were introduced by the executive branch?

What lasting impacts were introduced by the executive branch?

George Washington (April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1797)

      George Washington was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia on February 22nd, 1732. During the French and Indian War (1754-1763), Washington fought along with Virginia's militia, and soon became a colonel and leader. During the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), George Washington also played a crucial role, he was Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. In 1789, after the birth of the United States' and the Americans' were free of British rule, George Washington was elected as the United States' first president by sixty-nine members of congress. As commander in chief of the continental army, and delegate for both the first and second continental congress, Washington was thought to hold qualifications necessary to succeed as president. 

      As the United States' first president, it was up to Washington to make decisions that would eventually influence the countries' success and stability. On April 30, 1789, Washington delivered his first inaugural address. In his speech he emphasized how he would act morally and highlighted the fact that he would work to preserve freedom, and aid the united States in reaching success. From then until today, it has become a tradition for the president to deliver an inaugural speech after his swearing-in. It also became a tradition for the president to deliver a farewell address once their presidential term was over. Washington delivered his farewell address in 1789. In his letter he warned the United States' and future president to stay away from political parties, keep the country united, and avoid aliences with foreign countries.

      As president, George Washington was capable of making guidelines as to how the President could and could not use his presidenial power. He also estalished the idea that in order for the president to make any decisions he mus first consult with a member of Congress, and receive feedback. Additionally, Washington introduced the idea that there was a limit of two presidential terms. He willingly refused a third term.

PRIMARY SOURCES

First Inaugural Address: http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres13.html

A: George Washington
P: Thursday, April 30, 1789. New York (US Capital back then)P:  In 1789, after the birth of the United States' and the Americans' were free of British rule, George Washington was elected as the United States' first president by sixty-nine members of congress.
A: The United States' and it's citizens. 
R: Washington wanted to discuss plans and goals, and simply wanted to address the nation as their first official president. 
T: George Washington was the United States' first president
S: Washington emphasized that he was a moral man who love the Untied States and yearned to see it grow and prosper. He also highlighted the fact that he was a man of morality who would preserve freedom in his country.

Farewell Address: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/washing.asp

A: George Washington

P: The United states and future president, 1796

P: George Washington refused to have a third presidential term.

A: The people of the United States, an future president.

R: Renounce his service as president .

T: George Washington's presidential service had come to an end.

S: Washington estalished the idea that there could only be a maximum of two consecutive presidential terms, warned that there shouldn't be formation of political parties, and to avoid the allience with any foreign countries.

George Washington (1732-1799)

George Washington

(1732-1799)

                George Washington, born on February 22, 1732, was raised in Westmoreland County, Virginia and grew to be over six feet tall, an odd stature during the colonial times. He is well known for aiding and guiding the Continental Army as they successfully defeated the British in the American Revolution. However, Washington is also commemorated for having been the United States’ first president. On January 6, 1579, he married Martha Dandridge Custis and on June 15, 1775, he was elected to be Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. Washington was also elected delegate for the First (1774) and Second Continental Congress (1775).

            In 1789, sixty-nine members of Congress elected George Washington as the United States’ first president, simply because it was thought that he had the qualifications necessary to hold presidency. The fact that he had been Commander in Chief of the Continental Army and delegate for both of the Continental Congresses also made Washington eligible to hold the position as president. Washington delivered his first inaugural address on Thursday, April 30, 1789. In short, Washington stated that he would be an honest and moral president who wished to found a “free government”. He emphasized the fact that he would preserve freedom and wished to see the country grow and prosper.

            In 1793 George Washington was re-elected as the United States’ president. Since he was running against John Adams, and Washington received the most votes, Adams automatically became the vice president, this was true for both presidential terms. Washington delivered his second inaugural address on Monday, March 4, 1793, in Philadelphia and his farewell address in 1796. In his farewell address, he advised that a president not hold more than two presidential terms (he personally refused a third term); however, he also advised that there be no formation of political parties. Even after his second presidential term, n July 4, 1798, he was authorized as Lieutenant General and Commander in Chief of the new American army. Unfortunately, on December 14^th, 1799, (at age 67), George Washington died at Mount Vernon.

French and Indian War - Seven Years War

French and Indian War

Seven Years' War

The French and Indian War originated in America during the year 1754; however, the Seven Years War was officially declared in 1756 and continued until the year 1763. Battles were not restricted to America, when the war was officially declared in 1756 the war was extended to be fought in The Philippines, India, Europe and Africa. Battles were even fought overseas; furthermore, The Seven Years War is often considered to have been the first global war. In America, the major powers at battle were the French and the British, which went to war due to New France and British America's rivalry to gain more land. In Europe, all major European powers were at battle including: France, Austria, Spain, and Russia against Britain and Prussia.

During the 1750s, France sent troops out to the Ohio Valley to built and guard Fort Duquesne, one of the best-known forts. In 1754 George Washington sent 150 militiamen to take over the fort, resulting in the unofficial initiation of the war. The British were forced to create and guard Fort Necessity, which was intended to protect Washington, but later taken over by the French. The French sent Washington back to Virginia, and made their stern message clear: the Ohio Valley was French territory. As a result, General Edward Braddock and George Washington marched on Fort Duquesne. In Britain, William Pitt, the prime minister, decided to take over Canada; consequently, Lake Champlain became the central battlefield. In 1759, the British had two great victories, the victory at Fort Niagara and the victory at Quebec.

          The Treaty of Paris, signed February 10^th, 1763 by Spain, France, and Great Britain officially terminated the French and Indian War. France was to stop supporting any colonies in America and gave up Canada to Great Britain, and Canada to Spain. Spain also had to give up Florida to Great Britain, since they were France’s ally during the war.  The area north and east of the Missippi River was now under British rule. 

TREATY OF PARIS 1763 - http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris763.asp

Pennsylvania

              Province of Pennsylvania

      During the seventeenth century a new religion was introduced to England. The followers of the new religious faith were the Religious Society of Friends; however, they were also known as the Quakers. In 1660, sixteen-year-old William Penn, son of Admiral Sir William Penn and Margaret Jasper, was greatly intrigued by the Quaker faith. Despite his father’s disapproval as well as criticism from his society, William decided to allow the Quaker faith to be a part of his life. Penn soon came to the realization that Quakers were undergoing mistreatment by society. He was also aware that in the past, Quakers had traveled to the New World was a refuge.
      King Charles II, was the king of England from 1650 to 1685 and on March 4^th of 1681, he granted William Penn land in the New World. The king owed Admiral sir william Penn, William Penn’s father, an immense amount of money and that is why he named the land Pennsylvania which meant “Penn’s Woodland”. Before the English settlers arrived in Pennsylvania, the land was occupied by several Native tribes including: the Delaware, Susquehannok, Iroquas, Erie, Shawnee, among others.
       Pennsylvania was based on religious tolerance which attracted Dutch and Swedish settlers. In addition to that, William Penn handed out pamphlets in four different languages, determined to attract more and more people. The pamphlet was in English, Dutch and French. Penn was successful and unintentionally attracted settlers which had previously settled in the South, which resulted in the need for Slaves in such areas. Even though William Penn was accepting of slavery the Quakers disapproved; furthermore, the Quakers and Germans were some of the first to dare speak against slavery.

Vasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama 

     Vasco da Gama, an explorer and navigator, is estimated to have been born around the year 1460 in Sines, Portugal. He was born into a wealthy family, to father Estevao da Gama and mother Isabel Sodré. He had four other male siblings and married Catarina de Ataíde on an unknown date. Unfortunately, little is known of Vasco’s early life, but it is said that Estevao, his father, was an explorer and governor of Sines. Vasco is best known for being the first European to sail from Europe to India by going around Africa.  Vasco da Gama was designated to lead an expedition funded by the Portuguese government in 1497. King Manuel I of Portugal assigned Vasco to find any trading opportunities while on a journey to find a maritime route to India. Indian spices were well known and desired in Europe; unfortunately, the only route to India known by the Portuguese at that time was a very expensive and long overland route.  The Portuguese were eager to gain the desired Indian spices, but if Vasco didn’t find an oversea route to India, it would be a dilemma for them to get such goods.

      On July 8^th of 1497 Vasco da Gama initiated his voyage. He left Lisbon, Portugal accompanied by 170 men, and 4 ships. The ships were: the Sao Gabriel, Sao Rafael, the Berrio, and a fourth ship which was not given a name but was used for storage. Before Gama’s expedition, Bartolemeu Dias, a Portuguese explorer, discovered the Cape of Good Hope. The Cape of Good Hope was located at the southern tip of Africa. Vasco and his men passed the Cape of Good Hope on November 22^nd and headed north, towards Africa. In addition, they discovered two trading ports: Malindi and Mombasa. A local navigator who knew how to find India aided them when they stopped in Malindi. In less than a month, they were able to arrive in Calicut, India.

      When Vasco da Gama and his men arrived in Calicut, they came across issues when trying to trade. The local traders became suspicious when realizing that the Portuguese brought very little of value in their ships. They had to leave soon; additionaly and unfortunately, the voyage back to Europe was quite disastrous.  Approximately half of the 170 men that accompanied him died. Despite the fact that the voyage back took longer, Vasco da Gama had succeeded in finding the maritime route to Africa; as a result, he was viewed as a hero by the Portuguese. Some may question whether Vasco da Gama should or should not have been considered a hero when he arrived in Portugal after his voyage. It is crucial to keep in mind that after all, Vasco successfully fulfilled the expedition’s main purpose: to find an unknown water route to India.